The Western commentariat filed the Mecca agreement under a comfortable heading. When Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement on August 7 — an armed attack on one to be treated as an attack on all — the reflexive label was “Islamic NATO,” a Sunni bloc, …

La rupture entre la Russie et l’Europe ne peut pas être comprise seulement comme une fracture géopolitique. Elle repose sur une divergence plus ancienne entre l’Orient orthodoxe, héritier de Byzance, et l’Occident latin, recomposé après l’effondrement du monde romain occidental au Ve siècle. Les lignes de front actuelles, les sanctions, …

Key Takeaways:Control of the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab is reshaping the post-war political and security map of the Middle East and Horn of Africa, with pipeline and port projects expected to divert up to 60% of pre-war Hormuz oil traffic to alternative routes.Saudi Arabia has signed a mutual …