Russia’s failures are a result of outdated Soviet attitudes and ideas that cannot keep up with the evolving intelligence environment. The Russian offensive against Ukraine has been dogged by a cascade of intelligence failures at every level of command. This has ranged from completely failing to assess the likelihood and …

As Russia’s offensive in Ukraine stalls, there is a real risk that it could escalate its nuclear threats if faced with the potential loss of Crimea. Explaining Nuclear Peace The Cold War saw many armed interventions by the two superpowers – by the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, Africa and …

This Whitehall Report outlines a joint methodology for the targeting of A2/AD systems. The British military is expeditionary and seeks to confront adversaries abroad before they pose a threat at home. Theatre entry is therefore a precondition for the utility of the British military. Adversaries are fielding increasingly capable and …