Dagestan is an extremely complicated society that faces many problems—some unique to the region and others completely analogous to problems within other federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Both Moscow and those the Kremlin has appointed to manage the North Caucasus, however, primarily view protests in the region as reflecting …

Are terrorist organisations primarily politically motivated actors seeking to alter the political landscape, or are they criminal enterprises driven by profit? Is terrorism a strategic tool employed in pursuing ideological goals, or merely a tactic adopted by groups seeking material gain? Alternatively, could these motivations coexist, varying across cases, historical …

The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) announced on Monday its dissolution after a forty-year insurgency against the Turkish state, a move Turkish officials claim was made without new negotiations — though some observers remain skeptical. Türkiye has conducted increasingly aggressive military campaigns against PKK strongholds in northern Iraq and Syria in …