During his 22-year reign, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has expanded Turkey’s power militarily in hot wars in Libya and Nagorno-Karabagh. Most recently, decades of methodical planning and quiet preparation culminated in forces that President Trump openly acknowledged were “[Erdoğan’s] surrogates”[1] sweeping into Damascus in December 2024, capturing the government …

In December 2020, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) tweeted that it had signed a military agreement with the UK. It said British and Israeli military chiefs had agreed to “formalise and enhance the defence partnership and support the growing Israel-UK partnership.” In Britain, the government gave the new agreement no …

How America and Europe Can Exploit Moscow’s Vulnerabilities To sustain its war against Ukraine, Russia militarized its economy. Although—contrary to popular belief abroad—the Russian economy is not on a full wartime footing, the Kremlin has both splurged on weapons factories and begun trading more with China to evade Western sanctions. …