In 2017, a few months after being elected as France’s President, Emmanuel Macron called for a “sovereign Europe”, that entailed a common defence force alongside the creation of a European strategic culture, in a speech at the Sorbonne University in Paris. On 25 April this year, just ahead of the …

Even among hardcore ideologues of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), caution — sometimes referred to as “strategic patience” — had been the watchword when confronting Israel. That ended on April 13, 2024, when Iran launched a missile and drone onslaught against Israel directly from its territory. It was a …

Amid the recent escalation between Iran and Israel, the Iranian president warned that ifIsrael attacked Iran again, “nothing will remain of the Zionist regime.” The chief of staff of theIranian army threatened that Iran would respond to any further aggression with greater forcethan in the past. E_109_24Download