Key Takeaways: Gaza Strip: The IDF Air Force (IAF) conducted three airstrikes targeting Hamas command and control centers in Gaza City and Deir al Balah since CTP-ISW’s last data cut off on September 6. One airstrike in Deir al Balah killed PIJ’s eastern Deir al Balah Battalion commander Hatem Abu …

The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) has condemned reports as part of a larger disinformation campaign aimed at misleading the Libyan public and diverting their attention from their rightful demands for political and economic reforms. The ongoing disinformation campaign has been launched to deceive Libyans regarding news circulating …

The evidence suggests that empires often react to periods of their own decline by over-extending their coping mechanisms. Military actions, infrastructure problems, and social welfare demands may then combine or clash, accumulating costs and backlash effects that the declining empire cannot manage. Policies aimed to strengthen empire—and that once did—now …