Behind closed doors in Moscow, Kyiv, Brussels, Washington, and other capitals, diplomats, elected leaders, and military officers are gearing up for what will likely be a full-court press to find a resolution to Europe’s largest land war since World War II. On the battlefield, momentum has shifted decisively toward Russia, …

Turkish historian Professor İlber Ortaylı critically analyses Syria’s governance and explores its sectarian dynamics and potential future. He points out that the Arab Alawite Nusayri minority, through a mafia-like structure, holds control over the country. This governance model has deeply impacted Syria’s socio-political framework. Ortaylı also suggests that Syria might …

The fall of Assad’s regime, while ostensibly surprising for many, was quite predictable. Syria’s economy had been devastated by more than a decade of war, compounded by sanctions that crippled state infrastructure and left 90 percent of Syrians below the poverty line. Moreover, state subsidies on essentials such as food …