Abstract: It is critical for the counterterrorism community to have a sophisticated understanding of the components of external operations and the indicators that help to signal that a network’s interest, capabilities, or attack planning are advancing. It is even more critical to be able to effectively provide warning when an …

Recent incidents in France, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands highlight the convergence of longstanding security challenges in Western Europe and emerging threats fueled by conflict in the Middle East. The violence in Amsterdam surrounding the Israeli-Dutch soccer match earlier this month is a microcosm of the interplay between the ongoing …

Founded around 2000, the BLA is an armed separatist group advocating for an independent Baloch state. Operating primarily in southwestern Pakistan, the group’s ideology is ethno-nationalist rather than religiously motivated. Its struggle stems from long-standing grievances against the Pakistani government, including perceived economic exploitation, political marginalization, and alleged human rights …