While both historians and political scientists are concerned with understanding human societies and their pasts, they do so from fundamentally different angles. Historians focus on narrating events based on surviving records—chronicles, letters, artifacts, and official documents—aiming to piece together a coherent picture of what happened. Political scientists, however, approach the …

Europe has the resources and ideas to grow stronger, but domestic challenges hinder their implementation. Achieving Europe’s strategic autonomy requires a radical shift in defense, security, and economic integration. By choosing to vote against a United Nations resolution marking the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States …

Against the backdrop of escalating tensions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has reinforced its military presence in the Persian Gulf, deploying advanced missile systems on the islands of Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa on March 22. Iran’s …