At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, 16 states were members of NATO . These are 12 countries that signed the North Atlantic Treaty on the creation of the bloc in 1949 – Belgium, Great Britain, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Canada, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, …

All along the stretch from the Baltic to the Black Sea, the alliance deploys strike battle groups. “Sea Shield-2023” against the backdrop of a provocation It is noteworthy that the attack of sea drones on Sevastopol was carried out during the Sea Shield-2023 exercises, which are taking place off the …

Back in the 1990s, if there was such a thing as the world’s policeman, then it was the US. This was the American moment, not least in the Middle East. The Soviet Union had collapsed, Russia was in crisis and the sleeping dragon of China was only just awakening. The …

Bitcoin, the flagship stateless cryptocurrency, is a double-edged sword that can either strengthen or harm national power. As financial warfare becomes increasingly complex, this decentralized cybercurrency is acting as a versatile strategic instrument of statecraft that can play various roles under confrontational geopolitical circumstances. This under-researched subject matter needs to …

Global economic growth and prosperity in the last two centuries were fuelled largely by fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Oil, in particular, became fuel for defending national security, promoting economic activity and sustaining global trade after the First World War. Academic narratives such as ‘peak oil’ and ‘energy …

Relations between Tehran and Baku have long had their ups and downs, but a recent series of events in late March, including the opening of the Republic of Azerbaijan’s embassy in Tel Aviv, an assassination attempt against an Azerbaijani MP in Baku, and the Azerbaijani government’s harsh denunciation of comments …

Il est évident que l’OTAN a toujours été une extension auxiliaire des États-Unis. C’est le cas depuis la création malheureuse de cette alliance belliqueuse il y a 74 ans. Ainsi, l’agression rampante de l’OTAN doit toujours être observée dans la perspective de l’expansionnisme des États-Unis, puisque la thalassocratie belliqueuse ne …

In August 2021, the US withdrew from Afghanistan ending its two decades of military presence in the region. The US exit from Afghanistan resulted in the Taliban regaining control and this hurried withdrawal from Afghanistan was seen as the decline of the US power. Approximately 2,500 US troops died in …

France, once again, is on the verge of chaos. The subject of the discontent is the adoption of a law reforming the pension system in a minimal way: the legal retirement age in France has been set at 62 since 2010; the law raises it two years, to 64. Neither …

Russia accuses Ukraine and the opposition of involvement but Kyiv says ‘the spiders are eating each other in a jar’. Vladlen Tatarsky, a Russian pro-Kremlin war blogger with a criminal history, was killed in a bomb attack in a St Petersburg cafe on Sunday. Thirty others were also wounded in …