Geopolitical rivalries having intensified in recent years between China and India was logically bound to affect the cohesive continuance of the five-member BRICS grouping with no ideological bindings and different strategic perspectives, but only an initial show of economic resurgence as a binding adhesive.. BRICS Summit 2023 held at Johannesburg …

The withdrawal of the US from the Middle East and the increasing involvement of China (and Russia to a lesser degree) have altered the geopolitical landscape of the region and intensified the competition among the major powers. The EU and European countries have adopted a pragmatic approach that concentrates on …

A huge area of southern Kazakhstan depends on the transboundary rivers Chu and Talas originating in the Kyrgyz Republic, and water supply problems in this region are becoming increasingly complex. The operation and maintenance of dams and reservoirs that regulate the flow of these rivers are under Kyrgyz control. This …