When two Russian fighter jets forced down an American surveillance drone above international waters a week ago, it was yet another incident driving home an urgent question for NATO planners: How will the alliance respond if Russia attacks a member the alliance has pledged to defend? In fact, NATO has …

Crowds are surging through the streets of Chisinau, the capital city of tiny Moldova, as pro-Russian demonstrators complain about deteriorating living standards and creeping authoritarianism by officials. It’s just another way the war in neighboring Ukraine is destabilizing the post-Soviet region more broadly. But what makes Moldova’s situation especially dangerous …

Background Global economic growth and prosperity in the last two centuries was fuelled largely by fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Oil in particular became fuel for defending national security, promoting economic activity and sustaining global trade after the first world war. Academic narratives such as ‘peak-oil’ and ‘energy …