Q. Has Turkey taken any steps to acquire nuclear weapons? Ankara appears to be taking quiet but deliberate steps toward producing enriched uranium fuel, which has dual purposes in fueling nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. In October 2024, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan and National Intelligence Chief Ibrahim Kalin visited …

Since October 7, 2023, the issue of terrorist use of tunnels has been front and center for those involved in strategic planning and military preparedness. While Western officials responsible for border security should be concerned about the tunnels that Hamas has used in its warfare and that Hizbullah has built …

Key points Observers and practitioners are frequently frustrated at the level of defense burden-sharing in U.S. alliances—alliance members’ contributions to collective defense objectives—and particularly at allies’ low level of investment in their own defense. This paper compares two approaches to soliciting burden-sharing in U.S. alliances: retrenchment and conditionality. Retrenchment refers …